**Fiber Access Point (FAP):**
1. **Function:**
- FAP is primarily a termination point where individual customer connections are established in an FTTH network.
- It serves as a demarcation point between the service provider's infrastructure and the customer's premises.
2. **Location:**
- FAPs are typically located closer to the customer premises, often in outdoor utility boxes or small cabinets.
- They can be found on the customer's property or in a nearby access point.
3. **Subscriber Connections:**
- Each FAP usually serves a relatively small number of subscribers, often a single home or a small group of homes.
- The number of connections per FAP is limited and varies based on the design and capacity requirements of the network.
4. **Components:**
- FAPs contain the necessary equipment to terminate and distribute the optical signal to individual customer premises.
- They may include fiber termination panels, splitters, and connectors.
5. **Protection:**
- FAPs are designed to provide a degree of protection to the optical connections from environmental factors like moisture and dust.
**Fiber Distribution Cabinet (FDC):**
1. **Function:**
- FDC is a larger distribution point that aggregates multiple FAPs or serves as a central point for fiber distribution in an FTTH network.
- It provides a hub for connecting multiple customers and distributing signals to various neighborhoods or areas.
2. **Location:**
- FDCs are typically larger enclosures located in outdoor cabinets or indoor facilities.
- They are strategically placed at central points within a neighborhood or service area.
3. **Subscriber Connections:**
- FDCs serve a larger number of subscribers compared to individual FAPs. They are designed to accommodate higher subscriber density.
- The number of connections supported by an FDC can vary significantly depending on its size and capacity.
4. **Components:**
- FDCs house more extensive and robust equipment, including optical splitters, patch panels, splice trays, and sometimes active network equipment like switches or routers.
- They may also include backup power supplies and environmental controls.
5. **Distribution:**
- FDCs serve as a central distribution point where fiber cables from multiple directions are connected and managed.
- They often include optical splitters with higher split ratios to serve multiple neighborhoods or areas.
In summary, FAPs are designed for the last-mile connection to individual customer premises and are closer to the end-users, while FDCs serve as central distribution hubs that aggregate connections from multiple FAPs and distribute signals to a larger number of subscribers. The choice between using FAPs and FDCs in an FTTH network depends on the network design, capacity requirements, and the number of subscribers to be served in a particular area.
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