Immutable backup and how it is achieved ?

An immutable backup refers to a type of data backup that cannot be modified, altered, or deleted once it has been created. The term "immutable" implies that the data is protected from any changes, intentional or accidental, for a specified period of time or until certain conditions are met. This concept is commonly used in data protection and disaster recovery strategies to...

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Difference between Hashing and Encryption in Computer Security (with Examples)

 Hashing and encryption are both cryptographic techniques used to protect data, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. Here's a breakdown of the key differences between hashing and encryption:1. **Purpose**:   - **Hashing**: Hashing is primarily used for data integrity and verification. It takes input data (often of variable length) and produces a fixed-size string of characters, known as a hash value...

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What is Rainbow table used for Hacking?

 A rainbow table is a type of precomputed lookup table used in password cracking and cryptographic attacks. It is a specialized data structure that enables an attacker to quickly reverse the hash value of a password or other data encrypted with a hash function.When passwords are stored in a database or transmitted over a network, they are often hashed first. Hashing is...

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What is AAA sever and its application in Telecom industry?

What is AAA server? An AAA server stands for "Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting" server. It is a centralized network server that provides three essential functions for managing user access to resources in a computer network:1. Authentication: The AAA server verifies the identity of users or devices trying to access the network. It ensures that users are who...

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How Truecaller app decides which name to display among many?

When multiple people save the same phone number with different names in their contacts, Truecaller's caller identification algorithm takes several factors into account to decide which name to display when that number calls a Truecaller user:1. **User Contribution**: Truecaller relies heavily on crowdsourced data, which means that user contributions play a significant role...

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How Truecaller app works?

1. **Data Collection**: Truecaller collects contact information from various sources, including users' address books, publicly available directories, social media platforms, and user-generated content. This data is used to build a comprehensive global phone number database.2. **User Registration and Verification**: When a user installs the Truecaller app, they need to register...

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Birthday Paradox and Birthday attack: how is it associated with Birthday?

Birthday Paradox:The birthday paradox, also known as the birthday problem, is a surprising phenomenon in probability theory. It states that in a group of relatively few people, the probability of two people sharing the same birthday is higher than what one might intuitively expect.The paradox arises from the fact that the number of possible pairs of people with the same birthday...

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Pigeonhole principle application in Cryptography

 In cryptography, the pigeonhole principle is often applied to understand the limits and vulnerabilities of certain cryptographic techniques, specifically in the context of hashing and collision detection. Here are a couple of examples:1. Hash Function Collisions:A hash function takes an input and produces a fixed-size output called a hash value or hash code. The pigeonhole...

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Clickjacking Security Threat with solutions for various programming languages

Clickjacking, also known as UI redressing or user interface (UI) spoofing, is a malicious technique used by attackers to deceive users into clicking on a webpage element without their knowledge or consent. By overlaying or hiding elements on a webpage, attackers can trick users into performing unintended actions or disclosing sensitive information. Here are a few examples...

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