|
|
2G |
3G |
4G |
5G |
|
Release |
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) |
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) |
LTE (Long-Term Evolution) |
IMT-2020 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2020) |
|
Year of Introduction |
Early
1990s |
Early
2000s |
Late
2000s |
2020
onwards |
|
Data Transfer Speed |
Up to 384 kbps (2.5G) |
Up to 2 Mbps (3G) |
Up to 100 Mbps (4G LTE) |
Up to 10 Gbps (5G) |
|
Technology |
FDMA/TDMA |
CDMA/WCDMA |
OFDMA |
Advanced
OFDMA/5G NR (New Radio) |
|
Bandwidth |
Narrowband |
Broadband |
Broadband |
Ultra-wideband |
|
Latency |
High
(100-500 ms) |
Medium
(50-100 ms) |
Low
(30-50 ms) |
Ultra-low
(1-10 ms) |
|
Spectrum Efficiency |
Low |
Medium |
High |
Very High |
|
Connection Density |
Low |
Medium |
High |
Extremely
High |
|
Use Cases |
Voice calls, basic texting |
Web browsing, video streaming |
HD video streaming, online gaming |
Smart cities, IoT, autonomous vehicles, 8K video
streaming, VR/AR |
|
Network Architecture |
Circuit-Switched
Networks |
Circuit-Switched
and Packet-Switched Networks |
Packet-Switched
Networks |
Cloud-native,
Virtualized Networks |
|
Security |
Basic |
Enhanced |
Enhanced |
Enhanced, greater emphasis on security and privacy |
|
Energy Efficiency |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Improved |
Enhanced,
lower power consumption |
|
Deployment Coverage |
Widespread |
Widespread |
Widespread |
Expanding, not yet widespread |
