The provided sources examine China’s aggressive deployment and technological strategy for 5G, characterizing it as a massive infrastructure initiative strongly supported by the government and major carriers like China Mobile. This expansion largely relies on deploying a high volume of base stations utilizing mid-band spectrum, a strategy that contrasts with the US focus on short-range millimeter-wave technology. Central to maximizing the utility of 5G is the widespread adoption of advanced innovations like large-scale MIMO and 5G network slicing, which enables the creation of customized, isolated virtual networks designed for specific service requirements. These segmented capabilities are deemed essential for critical vertical industries, particularly in providing the high reliability and ultra-low latency required for the modernization of the smart grid. Although China has demonstrated rapid success in subscriber growth and practical applications, the sources acknowledge ongoing technical hurdles, including perfecting millimeter-wave communication and establishing robust national standards for security and privacy protection.
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